The Late Show with David Letterman (CBS, 11:30pm):

Actor Jack Black (Year One), Dr. M. Sanjayan (Lead Scientist for The Nature Conservancy).

The Tonight Show with Conan O’Brien (NBC, 11:35pm):

Joe Torre, musical guest Spinal Tap.

Jimmy Kimmel Live (ABC, 12:05am):

Actor David Spade (Rules of Engagement), actress Zoe Saldana  (Start Trek), musical guest Black Eyed Peas.

Late Night with Jimmy Fallon (NBC, 12:35am):

Matthew Broderick, Sean Avery, Spencer and Heidi Pratt, musical guest Jason Aldean.

Last Call with Carson Daly (NBC, 1:35am):

Common, musical guest The Doves.

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (Comedy Central, 11:00pm):

Ed Helms (The Office, The Hangover).

The Colbert Report (Comedy Central, 11:30pm):

Austan Goolsbee (Vice Chairman, Council of Economic Advisors).

Chelsea Lately (E!, 11:00pm):

Actress Betty White, comedians Josh Wolf, Jen Kirkman and George Wallace.

“President Obama today – for the first time in history – set in motion a new national policy aimed at both increasing fuel economy and reducing greenhouse gas pollution for all new cars and trucks sold in the United States. The new standards, covering model years 2012-2016, and ultimately requiring an average fuel economy standard of 35.5 mpg in 2016, are projected to save 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the life of the program with a fuel economy gain averaging more than 5 percent per year and a reduction of approximately 900 million metric tons in greenhouse gas emissions. This would surpass the CAFE law passed by Congress in 2007 required an average fuel economy of 35 mpg in 2020.”

There is a great deal of discussion about the causes and possible effects of this new policy. What is left of the American auto industry supports the new policy. As New York Times reporters John Broder and Micheline Maynard recently wrote, this is in part, “because they had no choice”.  The auto industry has very little political clout in American politics. While for many years they had Michigan Congressman John Dingell protecting their interests, today they contend with California Congressman Henry Waxman- who is eager to make up for lost time in regulating auto emissions and gas mileage.

The other night, Jon Stewart did a short piece with a bunch of TV talking heads arguing about how dangerous small cars are and that these new auto standards will kill people. Other pundits argue that people will hold on to their old cars because they will be bigger and more comfortable than the new ones.  I suppose these are the same people holding on to their SONY disc man or possibly their old eight track tape cartridges and still refuse to move on to an IPod.

While these new regulations can be seen as a threat to the American auto industry, there is a good chance that they represent the very opposite. They could be an opportunity to reengineer the auto industry for a new era.  The new regulations will be “technology forcing”. They will require the auto industry to rethink the way they engineer cars and focus on delivering more energy efficient autos. In a time when concern about climate change and the volatile price of fossil fuels dominates our consciousness- a car that looks good, isn’t expensive, handles well and gets 100 miles to the gallon would dominate the world market instantly. A great new car could be just the thing to revive this declining industry.

Some people assume that we must trade off comfort, safety and style for fuel efficiency. I suppose these are the same people who once assumed that small computers couldn’t include much memory or computing power.  Today’s laptops have more computing power than yesterday’s mainframes.  In the urban and developed world we live in, the key to sustainability is rapid technological development. While the goal of 35.5 miles per gallon seems ambitious, it is actually reasonably modest. Twenty years from now, people will wonder why we were so tentative when we began to develop fuel efficient vehicles.

In the long run we are going to need electric cars and a power supply based on renewable sources of energy. Some day, the idea of “miles per gallon” will seem quaint.  In the short run, the steps taken by the Obama Administration are essential. They demonstrate that we have discarded the bankrupt energy policies of the most recent Bush Presidency. The auto and oil industries no longer dominate this policy arena, and our nation’s credibility on the climate issue should be restored.  

The crisis in the auto industry provides an opportunity to reshape and revitalize this critical part of our economy.  For better or worse, this nation has developed its land in a way that requires personal transportation. While we can and should improve mass transit, we will always be dependent on the automobile. Under the President’s new plan California and the rest of the country will have a single auto mileage standard. I think that everyone is starting to understand that the future belongs to the fuel efficient.

Not long ago, television news was a no-cry zone. The top newsmen were celebrated for their emotional control in the face of gut-punching developments. War, death, terrorism, plague—nothing rattled their composure. But when it happened, when an anchor couldn’t help himself, it mattered.

When the Hindenburg exploded in 1937, Herbert Morrison uttered the memorable words, “Oh, the humanity.” And when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, Walter Cronkite took off his glasses and released a brief gulp. Then he got back to the business at hand. Decades passed without the collective feelings of the American TV newsmen making so much as a single audible sob.

But there have been historical moments when the news requires a trembling lower lip to resonate.

“People are angry and anxious and they want someone who will express that,” said Michael Kazin, the Georgetown historian and author of The Populist Persuasion: An American History. “In the early days of the New Deal there was a lot of support for radio announcers like Father Coughlin who seemed to get beyond the political dickering to get to the core of what was bothering people—which was this sense of betrayal and the feeling that the country was in the hands of people they didn’t really know or trust. And they didn’t understand how things had gotten so bad.”

Sound familiar?

“We Surround Them, You Are Not Alone” was the title of Glenn Beck’s special. And over the next hour, emotions flowed freely. During one interview, a member of the U.S. Army’s Special Forces called himself “a touchy-feely guy.” Later, when Mr. Beck interviewed Chris Gardner—the man who inspired Will Smith’s character in The Pursuit of Happyness—Mr. Beck said he couldn’t stop thinking about the scene in the movie where the character “is crying and weeping and thinking about the future.”

“I have to apologize,” said Mr. Beck at one point. “I think I’m actually turning into Tammy Faye Bakker. I’m crying. I’m getting puffy.”

These days, everywhere you look you see anchors seemingly on the verge of an emotional breakdown. CNBC’s Rick Santelli recently flipped out on the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and became an overnight sensation. Political analyst Roland Martin cried at the sight of Barack Obama winning the November election and is now guest-anchoring in prime time for CNN.

With the Big Three rapidly losing prominence in the American consciousness, a fractured network of opinionated, impassioned news sources have brought emotions center stage in the delivery of the news. Making the case against the emotionally dessicated coverage of the supposedly objective networks, especially in an era of breakdown—financial, emotional, ethical—means showing that, well, you’re not afraid to break down.

Mr. Beck may be the most ascendant of the new emotional newsmen. His recent special attracted 993,000 viewers aged 25-54, making it the top-rated cable news show in the key demographic in March. And in a few short months since joining Fox News, he has turned the 5 p.m. hour into the third most popular show in cable news. But Mr. Beck is hardly alone.

The TV news ranks are now populated with many high-strung anchors who may differ wildly in their political beliefs (Bill O’Reilly and Keith Olbermann) and backgrounds (Jim Cramer and Ed Shultz) but who share an explosive emotional style. They smile, frown, flex their jaws, wag their fingers, flash their teeth, get happy, get sad, get annoyed, get angry.

During Hurricane Katrina,  Cooper practically emoted his way into our hearts at CNN. During the 2008 campaign, Chris Matthews got thrills running up his legs. Somewhere between the Florida recount, 9/11, the war in Iraq, Hurricane Katrina and the financial meltdown, emotional apoplexy became the coin of the realm.

Today’s top emotive newscasters save up their rage for the cameras. Outside the studio, they tend to be thoughtful, respectful, calculating and collegial. They are men who have long since mastered their emotions and only unleash their demons in the studio in the name of due diligence and higher ratings.

The appearance of serenity is a liability. Those like CNN’s Campbell Brown who wade into the fray, seemingly calm and happy and collected, must soon hustle to locate and pump to the surface their inner angst. No goddamn bias, no goddamn bull.

“I used to think that the ideal characteristics for an anchor were impassive and impressive,” Reese Schonfeld, the co-founder of CNN, recently told The Observer. “These days, you still get impassive and reasonably impressive on the broadcast side with Brian Williams and Charles Gibson. But on the cable side, particularly on MSNBC and Fox, you get lots of shows of emotion. Whether they’re genuinely angry or not, you’re never sure. But they do very well.”

“If I were CNN, I’d go back to impassive and impressive,” Mr. Schonfeld added. “I’d tone it way, way down.”

IN THE OPENING montage of Mr. Beck’s special on Fox, spliced among images of flames enveloping the World Trade Center and masked men carrying rocket launchers and dead bodies draped in sheets along the Mexican border and American workers waiting in unemployment lines and Asian businessmen raising their arms in triumph and Nancy Pelosi in a red dress, there is a brief shot of a man holding a homemade sign. It reads, “Mad as Hell.”

The nod to the famous line from Paddy Chayefsky’s 1976 movie Network—in which unhinged TV anchor Howard Beale (played by Peter Finch) turns his evening newscast into a carnival hit with the tag line “I’m as mad as hell, and I’m not going to take it anymore”—is telling. In a recent interview with The New York Times, Mr. Beck said that not long ago he re-watched Network and that he identified with the character of the deranged newsman. “I think that’s the way people feel,” said Mr. Beck. “That’s the way I feel.”

In Network, Howard Beale is a seasoned news anchor who has recently lost his wife. He is addled with tremors, fainting spells, euphoria and delusions. He walks through rainstorms in his pajamas. By night, he hears voices. By day, he feels imbued with an electromagnetic spectrum that synchronizes him with the natural world.

Along the way, unscrupulous TV executives parlay his crazy, emotional rants into a ratings bonanza. Despite his on-air popularity, off camera it’s clear that Howard Beale is suffering from a mental breakdown. In the 1976 world of network television satirized by Chayefsky, you’d have to be crazy to act like a mad man at the anchor’s desk. But what if it worked? What if the anger of the audience, the anger of the People, could be channeled into Ratings Gold?It doesn’t take long for Beale’s network to reach the logical conclusion here: This kind of programming can only deliver so much “truth” before it self-destructs. And look what becomes of Beale.

In 2009, there is a canniness to the recurrent Beale character on television news. It seems clear that Mr. Beck, who likes to emphasize his humble pedigree, would not need to be told by network executives that the only thing that matters is the bottom line. Emotionalism is controlled, intentional and always serves the “mainstream media.” If it didn’t—it wouldn’t happen.

“Paddy Chayefsky was looking at the downfall of television,” Ron Simon, the curator of radio and television at the Paley Center, recently told The Observer. “Now Howard Beale has become what you’re striving for if you’re an authentic type of guy.”

Mr. Simon said that today’s rising crop of emotional newscasters were employing successful techniques from two eras of American broadcasting.

There were the daytime talk shows of the ’80s, in which onscreen emotional breakdowns were the culmination of the program, the moment of authenticity in the otherwise stale setup of interviewer and subject.

And, more obscure, the early days of radio in the 1930s, when emotionally over-the-top announcers attracted large audiences of Americans fearful about the growing threat of fascism overseas and economic turmoil at home.

Today’s new emotional media is a hybrid beast: Phil Donahue meets Charles Coughlin.

“It’s not a rational debate where you’re actually looking for causes or ways out of it,” said Mr. Simon. “It’s an expression of the anger floating around the country. People will gravitate towards anybody who can give form to this inchoate anger and anxiety.”

NOT LONG AGO, in a documentary about the making of Network, the film’s director, Sidney Lumet, said that much of what they ridiculed in television in 1976 has since come true.

“It has become its own satire,” said Mr. Lumet. “It’s so rife with fear and urgency and importance and unimportance. … How are you going to satirize that?”

But in recent years, Comedy Central has managed to successfully satirize the genre of television news. How? With even more emotional bloodletting.

Witness the histrionics of today’s top mock newsman, Jon Stewart. Whether he’s angrily eviscerating President Bush’s diplomacy or feverishly dressing down Tucker Carlson’s punditry or madly attacking Jim Cramer’s financial advice, Mr. Stewart never fails to adopt the persona of an exasperated inquisitor fed up with the indignities of this world and ready to give the bastards some what for. Along the way, he’s proven himself a man unafraid to throw tantrums at tantrum throwers, and his adoring audiences embrace him as a truth teller because of it.

In his most raw performance, shortly after Sept. 11, Mr. Stewart delivered an emotional monologue on The Daily Show, during which he broke down and cried. “Luckily, we can edit this,” Mr. Stewart managed to gasp out between sniffles.

In reality, Comedy Central was about as likely to edit away Mr. Stewart’s weepy bona fides as the Bush Presidential Library is to someday send the former president’s ground zero bullhorn to the Goodwill.

In the new broadcasting calculus, few can escape the emotional vortex. Even the great stoic Voice of God anchors from television’s yesteryear have in recent times been sucked into the crying game. Following the Sept. 11 attacks, Dan Rather broke down during an appearance on Late Night With David Letterman. And on the heels of Tim Russert’s passing, Tom Brokaw got choked up during a tribute on Meet the Press.

Some old-school newsmen still look askance at the weepy new paradigm. Roger Mudd—who enjoyed a successful career in TV news, including anchoring the weekend CBS Evening News, co-anchoring the NBC Nightly News, and moderating NBC’s Meet the Press—told The Observer recently that during his days, “it was unthinkable to lose control of your reportorial self.”

Mr. Mudd credited government regulation of broadcasters for keeping the emotions of TV newsmen under wraps for all those years. If you got too crazy, he pointed out, the F.C.C. could always pull your license. Today’s hot-blooded cable thrill jockeys face no such restrictions.

“There were times during the funerals following the assassination of John or Robert Kennedy or Martin Luther King where your voice reflected the gravity and the depth of the feeling,” recalled Mr. Mudd. “But there wasn’t any blubbering. It wasn’t pride so much as you were trained not to do that.

“I’m not sure,” he added, “that I accept blubbering on the air as proof of authenticity.”

fgillette@observer.com

"Literary immortality comes at a price," Mr. Hodgman said. "Book promotion: the demeaning ritual known as the television appearance where the solitary genius is forced to hold conversations with the likes of—well, what's your title again, Jon? Master of ceremonies? Comedy barker? Oh yes, cable jester."

Mr. Hodgman's most practical advice comes down to this: Make an energetic entrance, and make sure to open with an anecdote.

-Michael Calderone

And, who's hunting art collector John L. Stewart? From today's story:

Splashy full-color posters depicting a plain-looking, bespectacled man—but with airbrushed Beelzebub horns and a bling necklace—appeared in Chelsea's art district and in the Hamptons this spring and summer. The poster itself asks a single question: "Have you seen This ‘Psychopath' Art Collector Recently?" And an accompanying flier made defamatory accusations about the poster's subject.

The man in the photograph is John L. Stewart. He's a New York-based art dealer in his mid-50's, known as a premiere collector of Russian artist Ilya Kabakov. Associates say that he's a private man who loves his dog, hangs in the Hamptons... and is being sued by a former assistant.

Photos of the John Stewart poster and flier are by Eliot Shepard. Photo of Chris Hackett is courtesy the Madagascar Institute.