A little over a year ago, the acronyms B2B and B2C stood for
a lot more than the Internet business models they referred to. The implications
of the terms “business to business” and “business to consumer” went far beyond
the executive summaries of the Internet business plans they defined. In those
byte-sized symbols, neatly wrapped around a number, was all the potential of
the Internet: interconnectivity, communication, commerce, a level playing field
and, of course, numbers , exponential
numbers … big, beautiful numbers!
Now, B2B and B2C have new meaning. At Harvard Business
School, Wharton Graduate School of Business and others, students who have
invested $100,000 in the belief that an education still counts for something in
the business world have redefined B2B and B2C in the form of a joke-albeit a
joke that, like many jokes, is more true than funny:
B2B, B2C: “Back to Banking, Back to Consulting.”
This is how the top business students are defining their job
search in the current economy. Investment banking and consulting jobs, which a
year ago seemed staid, boring and, yes, low-paying compared to dot-com land,
are once again really hot.
The same generation of students who not long ago were
blowing off Morgan Stanley & Company’s campus presentations are now hoping
that the bankers and consultants they once scoffed at as risk-averse company
drones-mere salaried employees-will find their own limited experience
interesting enough to merit a 30-minute interview. The bankers and consultants,
in turn, are enjoying the reversal of fortune, as well as a certain degree of
prestige that disappeared along with yellow ties and slicked-back hair.
“Last year, when I came to Goldman, I was, like, the stupid
loser,” said a Harvard Business School graduate from the class of 2000, now an
associate (and recruiter) at Goldman, Sachs & Company in New York. “People
were like, ‘Ooh, poor bastard, he has to go to Wall Street.’ This year, it’s
the opposite. People are like, ‘Oh, wow! Congratulations.'”
“Last year, it was a good year to be a student,” said Bob
Bonner, director of M.B.A. career management at Wharton. “This year, it’s a
good year to be a company.”
At least in terms of recruiting, the firms now seem to be
holding the cards.
“If the pendulum swung
toward the dot-com world last year,” said Caitlin McLaughlin, vice president of
M.B.A. recruiting at Salomon Smith Barney, “it has clearly swung toward investment
banking this year.”
And consulting. “While it’s premature to declare victory in
the war for talent,” said Andrew Giangola, chief spokesman for McKinsey &
Company, “interest in McKinsey is certainly surging. This partially reflects
some changes we made internally, as well as the external environment. Dot-com
work has lost some of its allure. Talented people who were looking for a chance
to change the world have now had a dose of reality.”
Sure, the comments are self-serving. But the students looking for jobs are
confirming these assertions. Suddenly, the prospect of 80- or 100-hour work
weeks, superiors, pitch books, discounted cash-flow analyses, operational
analyses and, yes, a biweekly paycheck seems pretty attractive when one
considers the alternatives.
Whereas last year, “anyone who could spell his name could
get a job at an investment bank,” at least a second-tier one, this year the
banks, as well as the consulting firms, are able to be a lot more selective,
the Goldman associate said.
It’s hard to gauge just exactly how selective, since firms
and business schools are generally reluctant to release hard figures at this
point. But the numbers available do confirm, if somewhat murkily, the trend
being described by students, career
counselors and recruiters.
A spokesman for Salomon
Smith Barney said that applications for investment-banking jobs have doubled
over the last year, and that the yield of students who have accepted offers
from the firm has jumped from 50 percent last year to 73 percent this year for
full-time offers and 86 percent for summer-associate offers. This means the
firm can make fewer offers to fill the same number of slots. Morgan Stanley is
rumored to have received 150 résumés from Stanford Business School this year,
compared to 25 last year (the firm declined to comment for this article).
Combine increased demand
with the softening market (Morgan Stanley, Bear Stearns and Credit Suisse First
Boston have all started downsizing, or at least publicly talking about it;
Mercer Consulting and Blackstone Group, among others, have scaled back
on-campus interviews), and the numbers no longer seem to be in the students’
favor.
“If you haven’t worked
in banking before business school or over the summer, you better come from
McKinsey,” the Goldman associate said.
And if all you’ve got is
a dot-com degree, forget it.
“The dot-com veterans
are a bunch of 23-year-olds left with beer money and a dubious experience
base,” sniffed a senior banker at one of the Big Three firms.
“We would hope to have our entire new
associate class come from ex-analysts and summer associates,” he continued.
“We’re basically recruiting nobody. We do it to keep up an image on campus, but
we don’t hire that many people.”
“Last year you felt like
students were kind of thumbing their noses at traditional things,” said
Wharton’s Mr. Bonner. “This year, you feel like firms are kind of thumbing
their noses back.”
Indeed, bankers and
consultants-who tend to get A’s in school, who cross their T’s, dot their I’s,
and shine their shoes-have had a lot to swallow during the last couple years as
they watched their long-haired counterparts, who flew by the seats of their
chinos, pile up the paper pay. While the investment bankers had plenty to do
with all the absurd valuations of the Internet bubble, their cut of the
commission fees seemed like mere cab fare compared to the paper wealth reaped
by their clients. More than one Merrill Lynch banker has been known to complain
about how former colleague Halsey Minor, who left Merrill to found Cnet Inc.
and make millions on paper, was a mediocre analyst who, one pointed out, was
often late to work. Mr. Minor responded through a spokeswoman that he finished
in the top 10 percent of his analyst bonus pool and that Merrill Lynch helped
fund his company and lent him office space. Now Cnet’s stock price has tanked
84 percent in the last year, and Mr. Minor has been replaced by Shelby Bonnie
as chairman and chief executive. So there’s no need to be jealous anymore.
“We don’t feel poor
anymore,” the senior banker said. “Very few people actually made money on the
Internet, so it does kind of make you feel better about banking.”
Of course, with the
economy tanking and with all the layoffs and downsizing, the bankers may soon
find themselves on the sell side of the interview circuit with all the
dot-commers they have gleefully watched flame out.
Meanwhile, the exodus is
reversing direction. Ex-bankers who left for dot-coms, both failed and
successful, are trying to come back to Wall Street.
“She’s an aggressive,
driven, impressive person,” the senior banker said of one, who actually made
some money off of her Internet venture. “Hopefully, we can make her an offer.”
“Investment banking is
probably what I should have done to begin with when I graduated from school,”
said a Harvard Business graduate who spent four years at CSFB before school and
feels lucky to have gotten a job at Merrill Lynch after a brief stint at a
failing dot-com.
“At business school, we
all got really wrapped into Internet world. It sounded like a lot of fun to
work at a start-up-we’d have a lot of responsibility and, you know, create big,
grand businesses. Clearly that was not what it’s about.”
“Technology sucks,” the senior banker said.
“There’s no money. People are going back to traditional safeguards.”
It’s not just about the
money, however.
Job hunters fed up with
the unorthodox management styles of the dot-com world are craving structure, as
well as the professionalism and “general ability to get things done”, as the
senior banker put it, that characterizes bankers and consultants, most of whom
hold M.B.A. degrees. One Harvard Business School student who worked in
investment banking before school opted not to return to either of the dot-coms
she worked at this summer, even though they were arguably legitimate ones: “The
person I reported to at Amazon.com was someone who knew a lot about dot-com
business in general, but she herself had limited business experience. I felt a
little frustrated by not being trained by or working for someone with more
experience and more management skills.” She also found her experience at
Firedrop, the Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Vinod Kjosla–funded
start-up which “shifted its business plan 180 degrees” while she was there,
somewhat unsettling.
She’s going to work for
Goldman Sachs after graduation. “The thing I like best about the firm are the
people,” she said. “They’ve recently graduated from Stanford or Harvard.”
Investment banks and
consulting firms are also starting to enjoy the benefits of the efforts they’ve
made to make themselves more attractive. Faced with the brain drain of recent
years, they took steps to address quality-of-life issues, promote high
performers more quickly and make “a general commitment to professional
development,” one Harvard student observed. Whereas consulting jobs were once
characterized by parking-lot-option analyses in places like Cleveland, firms
now have diversified their client work to reflect the challenges of the New
Economy. Many firms have venture capitalists as clients, as well as in-house
incubators; as a result, employees can enjoy the education and exhilaration of
the entrepreneurial experience without all that risk. At McKinsey, they’ve
created the associate-partner position, designed to give the firm’s young stars
more responsibility and more money-at least that’s what they’re telling their
recruits, while junior associates at the firm are reportedly doing pro bono and
internal projects now that business has slowed.
It’s true that firms
have gotten better at marketing themselves. Take this interview “question” from
one of the top banks, surely designed to make the associate job sound a lot
more interesting than it actually is: “Pretend you’re Michael Eisner. You’ve
invested a huge amount of money in theme parks in China in a joint venture with
the Chinese government. At the same time, your film division is getting ready
to release a film on the life of the Dalai Lama. The minister of finance in
China calls and says. ‘I understand you’re going to release this film. We
understand its content is going to make us look bad. We’re going to nationalize
the theme parks if you release the film and take away your interest in joint
venture.’ What do you do? What are the key things you analyze?” (Supposedly,
this question was loosely based on a real-life situation involving the release
of Seven Years in Tibet .)
The abusive “stress interviews” of the past seem to have
become more or less obsolete. While math questions like “How many degrees are
between the hour hand and minute hand on a clock at 12:15?” are still fair game
(answer: less than 90, as the hour hand moves slightly past the 12), a scenario
like this one at Lehman Brothers, chronicled by Michael Lewis in Liar’s Poker in 1989, probably wouldn’t
fly today: “Your first interview might begin with the interviewer asking you to
open the window. You were on the forty-third floor overlooking Water Street.
The window was sealed shut. That, of course, was the point. The interviewer
just wanted to see whether your inability to comply with his request led you to
yank, pull and sweat until finally you melted into a puddle of foiled ambition.
Or, as one sad applicant was rumored to have done, threw a chair through the
window.”
As job and stock options
proliferated in the late 90’s, students at the top schools, and their advocates
in the career-services offices, were able to demand better behavior from
potential suitors.
“Harvard’s pretty good
at preventing hardball tactics,” said Brian Shortsleeve, a second-year student
at Harvard Business. “Everybody talks here-so if a firm pulls a weird stunt,
the whole class will know a day later.”
Consequently the firms,
once desperate for talent, have learned how to rein in their big egos and mind
their manners.
But now, they may not
have to try so hard. The roles have been reversed. Like the fat girl who
returns to school from summer camp 20 pounds lighter, recruiters are enjoying
their newfound popularity and sensing their advantage. Once again, they’re in a
position to play hard to get.
“To be successful, they
want to see you’re hungry to work at that firm,” said Regina Resnick, director
of M.B.A. career services at Columbia Business School. “If at any point you
take them for granted and think, ‘Oh, they’re dying for me’… you just can’t do
that.”
One second-year Harvard student noted that some of her peers
got axed from the process this year because they demanded too much going in.
Whereas last year, students who had worked in banking prior to business school
could get themselves hired as second-year rather than first-year associates
(read: as much as 50 percent more in bonus money), that was not really an
option this year. “If you start indicating that you’re not going to be happy
unless you’re a second-year,” she said, “it may be something they don’t want to
deal with.”
“I didn’t appear all that hungry going in,” said one of her
classmates, who is headed towards consulting after being rejected by all the
banks. “I think on some level, at the end of the day, I wasn’t going to do
banking, and they might have figured that out before I did, so that’s why they
dinged me.” He paused a minute before admitting, “But I’m sure that’s my ego
talking so I can save face.”
Indeed, the recruiting experience has become in some cases
so painful that some are exploring other options. Take Alex Ambash, a senior
majoring in computer science at Yale College: He applied to more than 35
companies, only to land one offer he didn’t want. Mr. Ambash said he’s fed up
with the process, having endured the “asshole” from Credit Suisse and the
“bitch” from Salomon Smith Barney-not to mention the scorn from his more
successful friends.
“As a result of this experience,” the undergraduate sighed,
“I may become a doctor.”