H&M

Founded in 1947 by Erling Persson, H&M has become the Swedish behemoth known for bringing fast fashion to the masses. The company’s name, a marriage of Hennes ("hers" in Swedish) and Mauritz (added in 1968 to include menswear), is synonymous with cheap chic. With a valuation hovering around $20 billion, H&M has made a name for itself by churning out runway knockoffs faster than you can say "Fashion Week." Defining moments include its high-profile collaborations with designers like Karl Lagerfeld and Balmain, which have seen fashionistas camped outside stores like it’s a rock concert. But it’s not all glitz and glam; H&M has had its share of skeletons rattling the closet. The brand has been dogged by controversies, from accusations of poor labor conditions in factories to a racially insensitive "Coolest Monkey in the Jungle" hoodie debacle. Important leaders like CEO Helena Helmersson are now trying to steer the company toward a more sustainable future, though critics argue it’s more greenwashing than genuine effort. Still, H&M’s blend of affordability and trendiness keeps it firmly in the sartorial spotlight, a fast-fashion titan navigating the treacherous waters of modern consumerism.